What is dry eye in dogs?

Dry eye in dogs, known scientifically as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is primarily a disorder of the eye glands that produce tears. This condition occurs when the lacrimal glands fail to produce enough tears to keep the surface of the eye moist. As a result, the dog's eyes may become dry, irritated, and prone to infections since tears play a crucial role in maintaining eye health by washing away debris and providing necessary moisture.

When the tear production is insufficient, it can lead to discomfort and potential damage to the corneal surface. This condition is distinct from a blockage of the tear duct, which would affect how tears drain rather than how they are produced. Similarly, while infections of the cornea may occur as a secondary issue due to dryness, they are not the defining characteristic of dry eye. Additionally, although some breeds may be more predisposed to this condition, it is not accurate to classify dry eye solely as a breed-specific condition since it can affect dogs of any breed. Thus, the most accurate definition of dry eye is indeed a disorder of the eye glands that produce tears.